Friday, February 27, 2009

二二八和平紀念日行文

二二八和平紀念日行文 印主烈牧師 二○○五年二月廿八日

今天是台灣的二二八和平紀念日。對很多台灣人來說,這是個感傷的日子,因為這是紀念A.D.1947年二月廿八日那天,蔣中正的軍隊屠殺了兩萬多名台灣人。這一天也是紀念A.D.1980年二月廿八日那天,我內人的家人慘遭毒手,當時我的岳父是政治犯,身在牢中。

這些都是非常深沈的傷痛。我在台灣認識很多人,都是在二二八事件中痛失祖父母一輩的親人,還有很多人在接下來的軍人獨裁的五十年裡,有家人失蹤或入獄。

二二八事件的衝擊造成本省人和外省人間的隔閡和傷痛,這些外省人當年跟著蔣中正打仗,在敗給中共後,一起來到台灣建立中華民國政府。

誰能醫治這種隔閡?誰能醫治這種傷痛?耶穌能。

在這個充滿罪惡的世界裡,這樣的不公平是無可避免的。不管你屬於哪一個族群,一定會受到別人不公平的對待。

但耶穌完全能夠了解我們的感受,祂「道成了肉身,住在我們中間」(約翰福音一章14節),祂雖是上帝永生的兒子,住在天上無比的榮耀裡,住在人所不能接近的光中,卻在兩千年前,來到世上,降生為以色列人,無視於受苦和不公,在地上完全順服上帝、忠於上帝,活出公義的生命。後來祂遭到處決,手段極為殘酷,遠超過二二八事件罹難者所承受的煎熬,所以祂深深了解不公和痛苦,但祂犧牲自己,來除去世人的罪惡、不公和痛苦。祂承擔我們的罪,承擔我們該受的刑罰,代替我們受死,來成就上帝的公義,叫一切信祂的,能夠與上帝和好,得到永生。這就是愛,這是在二二八這天感到悲痛的人需要聽到的好消息.

我內人奐均信了耶穌後,上帝就把這樣的愛放在她的心中,讓她能夠饒恕殺害阿媽和雙胞胎妹妹的兇手。人惟有信靠耶穌,才能夠真正去饒恕,甚至去愛仇敵。人與上帝和好之後,不管以前受到多大的不公,都能夠與人和好。當耶穌再回到地上審判時,必會一一伸冤,但我們要將一切冤仇交在祂手中,這樣才能敞開心胸,去祝福那些逼迫我們的人。

這就是在基督裡能夠得到的美好自由。

求上帝帶領更多的台灣人來享受這份美好的自由。

Learning more about February 28, 1947 Massacre

If you wish to understand Taiwan's identity, one defining moment in history was the February 28, 1947 Massacre. A reminder of that event happened in 1980 after the Kaohsiung Incident. On February 28, 1980, the family of Lin I-hsiung was assassinated in their home in broad daylight. As the home was under 24-hour secret police surveillance, there is no doubt that the murders of Lin I-Hsiung's family were ordered by the KMT Chinese Nationalist Party dictatorship under Chiang Ching-kuo. Several other prominent assassinations of those critical of the regime happened in following years: in 1982, the murder of a professor on the grounds of National Taiwan University (claimed a suicide by the government) and in 1984, the assassination of a Taiwanese professor in California after he wrote a biography critical of the KMT dictator at the time, Chiang Ching-kuo.

For the events leading up to February 28, 1947 Massacre, you can read an online book, Formosa Calling by a New Zealander Alan Shackleton who wrote an eyewitness account of the events. Also you can read Formosa Betrayed by George Kerr, an America defense attaché who was stationed in Taiwan at the time, was fluent in Hoklo Taiwanese and observed and reported events as they happened.

Thursday, February 26, 2009

Taiwan Austronesian Dictionary

The Taiwan Shop has for sale a set of Amis-Mandarin and Mandarin-Amis dictionaries. This dictionary was completed in 2007. Such a dictionary is important for the preservation of the language. The next step would be to create a dictionary where the Amis word definitions were also written in the Amis language. Right now there also is an Amis-language Bible. Someone familiar with this Austronesian language should use the dictionary to set up a Wikipedia Amis language site as well as a Wiki Dictionary. Would that not be an excellent graduate linguistics project? A wikipedia site would be a place of connection for all the language speakers and an encouragement for the younger generation to get involved.

Hahawikideng A Cudad No 'Amis (Amis-Mandarin Dictionary)
ISBN: 978-986-83786-1-2
Publ. Kaohsiung, TAIWAN, September 2007

O Pitiri 'An To Sawal No 'Amis (Mandarin-Amis Dictionary)
ISBN: 978-986-83786-2-9
Publ. Kaohsiung, TAIWAN, September 2007

Author's contact information:
sasimiwasapi @ yahoo.com.tw
tel: 07-841-633

Monday, February 23, 2009

International Mother-Tongue Day


Saturday, February 21 was United Nations designated International Mother-Tongue Day. The Ministry of Education held an event to give out awards for those who worked to advance the cause of Local Languages -- Hoklo Taiwanese, Hakfa and the Austronesian languages of Taiwan. It felt a little bit strange that an event was held in a building on Heping East Road in Taipei where formerly much energy devoted to the suppression or even eradication of languages other than Mandarin.

13 Hoklo Taiwanese language award recipients included Tīⁿ Ji-gio̍k 鄭兒玉 author of many poems and songs. Among the most famous are (1) Taiwan's as of yet unofficial national anthem: "Tâi-ôan Chhùi-chhiⁿ" or "Verdant Taiwan" set to music by the most famous Taiwanese composer of his generation -- Siau, Thài-jiân 蕭泰然 . [This national anthem has versions in Hoklo Taiwanese, Hakka, Amis and Mandarin] and also (2) "Lán sī Tâi-oân Chú-lâng" or "We the People are the Sovereigns of Taiwan" now with versions in Hoklo Taiwanese, Hakka, Paiwan, Tayal, Amis and Mandarin

10 Hakka received awards -- the majority, elementary school teachers.

Only 3 Austronesian teachers received awards -- all of them from the Tayal Austronesian people. A Tayal teacher and pastor from the mountain villages of I-Lan as well as a Tayal teacher from the mountains in Taoyuan both told me how they were very disappointed that there were not others from other Austronesian language groups present. They each told me -- there should be thirteen people up there from every single Austronesian people group in Taiwan.

Every award recipient with whom I spoke -- Hoklo, Hakka and Tayal alike -- told me that the Ministry of Education's policy of having a mother-tongue language class once per week for one hour at each elementary school was insufficient. They agreed that the next generation of children need to learn to read and write the mother-tongue and that different school subjects and classes should be taught using the mother-tongue for it to not disappear as an extant language within a few generations.

Several quite excellent music and culture groups performed in between award presentations. I was particularly happy to see young children very expertly performing with puppets, voice and instrumentation classical Hoklo Taiwanese puppet theater. Additionally a Rukai female vocal artist accompanied by a guitarist sang one Rukai song and one of her own Mandarin-language composition. The Rukai song was a traditional one. It does not seem many new songs are being composed in the language. An entire team of young men and women Tayal dancers and percussionists performed some traditional Tayal chants. One cutesy bubble-gum pop-princess-type young Hakka woman sang a Hakka song for children, but she kept using a lot of Mandarin to explain things and lead the singing. It says a lot about the failure of the current system if in order to get Hakka children to sing a Hakka song properly, they must be instructed in Mandarin.

There is very little incentive in society for young people to learn any languages other than Mandarin so long as the government continues to elevate Mandarin as the prestige and "national" language and does not accord these other languages respect and equal treatment. How to do so? • Declare all Taiwan's languages "national" languages. • Increase the pay of "local-language" teachers • Implement a policy that at least half the instruction in elementary schools be done in the local language instead of Mandarin. • Rename roads and parks. Encourage the posting of street signs and naming of roads in the local language. Get rid of all those Chung-Shan roads or San-Min roads or Chung-Cheng road-names and let them be replaced in each township with a word or name of a person from their own mother-tongue -- or even the name of the mother-tongue itself. As Taipei has a Ketagalan Boulevard, we should see Kavalan and Tayal Boulevards in I-Lan, etc. What is more, we should be commemorated the names of all of the plains-Austronesian people groups who took on Han surnames and Manchu dress customs and were absorbed -- like the Siraya, Babuza, Pazeh, etc. And in Austronesian areas, roads and parks should be named after historical or famous Austronesian people. • Established endowed professorships at universities for research, study, preservation, and renewal of Austronesian language and culture. • Encourage the writing and publishing of these languages.

The blog, sia-taiwan.blogspot.com was founded precisely to encourage writing in Taiwan's languages other than Mandarin. Here is an article on written Hoklo Taiwanese literature. I myself have begun tackling the great philosophical work of scholar and patriot Chhòa Pôe-hóe 蔡培火 from 1925 Cha'p-hāng Koán-kiàn, "An Opinion on Ten Matters." It was recently republished by the Taiwan Church Press in November of 2008. The entire work is in romanized Taiwanese. Not a single Han Character can be found in its 150 pages.

If you would like to devote resources and time to supporting these non-Mandarin languages in Taiwan, one place you could start would be to contact the Taiwanese Presbyterian Church's General Assembly Headquarters in Taipei. [article on some of its language-promotion work.] Some of the primary work especially among the Austronesian languages is done by Austronesian Presbyterian pastors. Though you might not see them for sale on the first floor bookstore, entire Bibles translated into Austronesian languages can be purchased if asked. I am aware of an Amis Bible and a Tayal Bible, but there is probably access to others. Also, on the 7th floor library, you can get access to the longest running Hoklo Taiwanese newspaper called the Taiwan Church News which until the 1970's was published in the POJ Taiwanese Romanization.

And of course, you can learn to speak one of these local non-"national" languages. With a friendly manner, greet other people and use the local language that you have learned first in conversation. Then if the other person cannot understand, switch to Mandarin. That will show a priority and a prestige and make others feel a lack of knowledge and maybe develop a desire themselves to go learn. (If the world-over all recognize the word "Aloha" from Hawaii, we in Taiwan (Hawaiiki) should at least learn how to give a word of greeting in each and every non-Mandarin language of Taiwan.)

The Maryknoll Language Institute provides one-on-one instruction and publishes Hakka and Hoklo Taiwanese language learning textbooks as well as Taiwanese-English and English Taiwanese dictionaries. The Taipei Language Institute publishes a Taiwanese-English dictionary. These can be found at the Taiwan Shop in Taipei as well as SMC Publishing. Both stores within a short block of each other carry a large selection of works in non-Mandarin languages. You can even find works and dictionaries there of extinct languages of the assimilated Austronesian plains-tribes.

As I compile more links or resources, I'll put them up here.

On the whole we can no longer trust or rely on the government to remedy the situation. We must push them as much as possible, but we need to set up completely separate and distinct non-government bodies to carry the load of promoting the language. We must organize local organizations and especially local communities to make changes themselves in their own schools and daily lives. And in our individual lives, we can take steps each day that might create ripples that grow exponentially in this society to effect change.

- Joel Linton

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Here is an example that the current KMT government is really only concerned with promoting Mandarin and will do only as much as is politically necessary with regard to other languages. "Premier Liu Chao-shiuan (劉兆玄) yesterday ... his remark that children should learn mother tongues other than Mandarin at home “instead of taking up too many hours at school.”

Monday, February 9, 2009

Latest on a Hollywood movie about Taiwan -- Formosa Betrayed



It is rumored that the producers had to hire a lot of Thai actors because the Taiwanese actors were afraid of how starring in this movie would affect their careers since they might be banned from audiences in China. This political thriller exposes the dark side of imprisonment and political killings of the era of martial law and one-party Leninist dictatorship in Taiwan presided over by Chiang Kai-shek and his son Chiang Ching-kuo. The people facing oppression were also the ones pushing not only for democracy but also for Taiwan's international status as a free and independent nation.

It is also interesting to note that much of the movie could not be filmed in Taiwan.

We look forward to the day when there will be an atmosphere of free speech where creative endeavors, even if they are critical of a government or political party's past, will be allowed to proceed. We look forward to the day when people in power are secure in their elected legitimacy that they do not feel the need to use their power to suppress artistic endeavors that are critical of them.

Even this teaser trailer itself is good for Taiwan's identity -- it specifically uses the word "nation" to describe Taiwan. In this age of entertainment and general ignorance of history and world affairs, we think this movie will be of great benefit in increasing global awareness and understanding of the current reality in Taiwan, its history, its international status, and the struggle of its people. It should also create a greater interest that will translate in to more tourism and international focus on Taiwan.